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Kettle logic (''la logique du chaudron'' in the original French) is an informal fallacy wherein one uses multiple arguments to defend a point, but the arguments are inconsistent with each other. The name derives from an example used by Sigmund Freud in ''The Interpretation of Dreams''〔''The Interpretation of Dreams'', in Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, (trans. A. A. Brill), 4:119-20〕 and in his ''Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious''.〔''Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious'', Standard Edition 13:62 and 206〕 Freud relates the story of a man who was accused by his neighbour of having returned a kettle in a damaged condition and the three arguments he offers. #That he had returned the kettle undamaged; #That it was already damaged when he borrowed it; #That he had never borrowed it in the first place. The three arguments are inconsistent, and Freud notes that it would have been better if he had only used one. The kettle logic of the dream-work is related to what Freud calls the embarrassment-dream of being naked, in which contradictory opposites are yoked together in the dream.〔Mills, Jon (2004) (''Rereading Freud: psychoanalysis through philosophy'' ) p.14 〕 Freud said that in a dream, incompatible (contradictory) ideas are simultaneously admitted.〔(Kabbalah and postmodernism: a dialogue By Sanford L. Drob ) p.139 and notes at p.292〕〔Elliot R. Wolfson (2007) (''Oneiric Imagination and Mystical Annihilation in Habad Hasidism'' ) in ARC, The Journal of the Faculty of Religious Studies, McGill University 35 (2007): 131-157.〕〔Sigmund Freud (''The Interpretation of Dreams'' ), translated by A. A. Brill, pp.366-373 quotation: 〕 Freud also presented various examples of how a symbol in a dream can bear in itself contradictory sexual meanings.〔Jane Marie Todd - 1990 (''Autobiographics in Freud and Derrida'' ) p.109 quotation: 〕 To expand on the kettle logic of dreams, one should understand the relationship between kettle logic itself and the nature of contradiction. Kettle logic, although a tool that may be simply noticed, is meant to present itself as truth. In other words, kettle logic is a way of combining contradictions to make a case. These contradictory arguments are put together next to each other; they are presented as if the contradictions themselves do not exist. This relates to one of Freud's views on dreams, where he states, "Thoughts contradicting each other do not aim to cancel each other out, but persist side by side, often combining as if there were no contradiction into products of condensation."〔Sigmund Freud (''The Interpretation of Dreams'' ), translated by A. A. Brill, pp.366〕 An example of this is the aforementioned dream of being naked. This is one aspect of the "exorbitant" logic of dreaming, where the logic itself lies closely to illogical thought.〔Mills, Jon (2004) (''Rereading Freud: psychoanalysis through philosophy'' ) p.14 〕 ==See also== * Dilemma#Use_in_logic * Alternative pleading * List of fallacies 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kettle logic」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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